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Method of thread machining
1. Thread grinding is mainly used to process the precision thread of hardened workpiece on thread
grinder. It can be divided into single line grinding wheel and multi line grinding wheel according to the
different section shape of grinding wheel.
The pitch accuracy of single line grinding wheel is grade 5 ~ 6, and the surface roughness is
r1.25 ~ 0.08 μ m. It is convenient for grinding wheel dressing. This method is suitable for grinding
precision lead screw, thread gauge, worm, small batch thread workpiece and shovel grinding
precision hob.
Multi line grinding wheel grinding is divided into longitudinal grinding method and cut in grinding
method.
The width of the grinding wheel in the longitudinal grinding method is less than the length of the
thread to be ground. The thread can be ground to the final size by moving the grinding wheel
longitudinally for one or several times.
The width of the grinding wheel in the cut in grinding method is greater than the length of the
thread to be ground. The grinding wheel cuts into the workpiece surface radially, and the workpiece
can be ground after about 1.25 revolutions. The productivity is high, but the precision is slightly low,
and the grinding wheel dressing is complex. The cut in grinding method is suitable for shoveling and
grinding large quantities of taps and grinding some threads for fastening.
2. Thread grinding is a nut type or screw type thread grinding tool made of soft materials such as cast
iron. The parts with pitch error on the machined thread on the workpiece are subject to forward and
reverse rotation grinding to improve the pitch accuracy. Hardened internal threads are usually ground
to eliminate deformation and improve accuracy.
3. Tapping and threading is to use a certain torque to screw the tap into the pre drilled bottom hole on
the workpiece to process the internal thread.
Threading is to cut out the external thread on the bar (or pipe) workpiece with a die. The machining
accuracy of tapping or threading depends on the accuracy of tap or die. Although there are many
methods to process internal and external threads, small-diameter internal threads can only be
processed by tap. Tapping and threading can be operated manually, or lathe, drilling machine, tapping
machine and threading machine.
4. Thread rolling is a processing method in which a forming rolling die is used to make the workpiece
produce plastic deformation to obtain threads. Thread rolling is generally carried out on a thread
rolling machine, a thread rolling machine or an automatic lathe attached with an automatic opening
and closing thread rolling head. It is suitable for mass production of external threads of standard
fasteners and other threaded connectors. The outer diameter of the rolled thread is generally no
more than 25mm, the length is no more than 100mm, the thread accuracy can reach grade 2
(gb197-63), and the diameter of the blank used is roughly equal to the pitch diameter of the
processed thread. Generally, the internal thread cannot be processed by rolling, but for the
workpiece with soft material, the slottless extrusion tap can be used to cold extrude the internal
thread (the maximum diameter can be about 30mm). The working principle is similar to tapping.
When cold extruding internal thread, the required torque is about twice larger than tapping, and
the machining accuracy and surface quality are slightly higher than tapping.
The advantages of thread rolling are:
① The surface roughness is less than that of turning, milling and grinding;
② The strength and hardness of the thread surface after rolling can be improved due to cold
work hardening;
③ High material utilization;
④ The productivity is doubled than that of cutting, and it is easy to realize automation;
⑤ Rolling die has a long service life. However, the hardness of workpiece material for rolling thread
shall not exceed hrc40; High requirements for blank dimensional accuracy; The precision and
hardness of rolling die are also high, so it is difficult to manufacture die; It is not suitable for rolling
threads with asymmetric tooth shape.
According to different rolling dies, thread rolling can be divided into thread rolling and thread rolling.
According to different rolling dies, thread rolling can be divided into thread rolling and thread rolling.
The thread rolling is that two thread thread rolling plates are staggered with 1 / 2 pitch, the static plate
is fixed, and the moving plate moves in a reciprocating straight line parallel to the static plate. When
the workpiece is sent between the two plates, the moving plate moves forward to rub and press the
workpiece to make its surface plastic deformation into threads.
There are three kinds of rolling wire: radial rolling wire, tangential rolling wire and rolling head
rolling wire.
① Radial thread rolling: two (or three) thread thread rolling wheels are installed on mutually parallel
shafts, the workpiece is placed on the support between the two wheels, the two wheels rotate at the
same speed in the same direction, and one wheel also makes radial feed movement. The workpiece
rotates driven by the thread roller, and the surface is extruded radially to form threads. For some
lead screws with low precision requirements, similar methods can also be used for rolling forming.
② Tangential wire rolling: also known as planetary wire rolling, the rolling tool is composed of a
rotating central wire rolling wheel and three fixed arc wire plates. During wire rolling, the workpiece
can be fed continuously, so the productivity is higher than that of wire rolling and radial wire rolling.
③ Thread rolling head: it is carried out on an automatic lathe and is generally used to process short
threads on workpieces. In the rolling head, there are 3 ~ 4 thread rollers evenly distributed around
the periphery of the workpiece. During thread rolling, the workpiece rotates and the rolling head feeds
axially to roll the workpiece out of the thread.
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